![]() With its help, you can lay down at least three generations of your family. It provides a way to map the pattern and the relationship of family members graphically to make understanding easy for the new generation. It has also contributed greatly to research and educational training by giving ample information and verification of hereditary diseases and how to prevent, treat, or manage them.Ī genogram is a detailed elaboration of a family’s history. ![]() Allows healthcare professionals with important medical information that will aid diagnosis and treatment. It is an upgrade of the traditional family tree that is more common and conventional. One can use it to evaluate how strong the bonds and the physical relationship among members of a member codifying how each member relates to the others. However, a genogram is the most useful for identifying the patterns of relationships. You can easily see how the traditions of the earlier generations are still reflected in the family’s behavior. By using it, you can easily understand the changes that occurred in the family members’ behavior with the passing years, the changes, and the adopted habits of the previous generations. Such diagrams are helpful to health therapists to explain and simplify specific family occurrences and issues.Ī genogram diagram is a family map that enables the family members to see their history from the past to the present over the ages. Further, genogram Diagrams can also help to designate individual health status and possible risks. Although, it can show simply the specific repetitive traits like divorce, sexual lifestyle, growth, and similar traits. You can use it to analyze family behaviors, interactions, and social views over some time. Today, Genogram Diagrams are becoming very common in the fields related to the study of hereditary patterns, and physiological and psychological attributes. When you are making a genogram, it is necessary to write the meaning of each symbol so that the viewer can easily understand each relationship without confusion. By using it, you can tell your kids about your family’s history accurately. With its help, you can easily track your family members and your relationship with them. Meanwhile, a genogram is a graphical representation of a family tree. One can use different patterns and colors to make it more effective and understandable for everyone. By using it, one can easily remember the history of a family and the relationship of a new generation with each other. A genogram comprises symbols, and each symbol represents a relationship. It is a tool that anyone can use to explore the family trees and identify the relations. Free Genogram Diagram Templates:Ī genogram is very important in our daily life. After you have determined the purpose of the Genogram Diagram, you have to interview the family members to collect the required data to fill in it. Below is an example of a family Genogram Diagram for the third generation with specific symbols denoting different family traits and relationships. ![]() Further, to make the tracking and analysis of such traits easy, different symbols are available to show such traits and attributes. However, it is also said that professionals in family therapy are also making use of Genogram Diagrams in tracking and simplifying their parents’ specific needs and requirements.Ī Genogram is very effective in tracking the probability of having a family disease inherited or transferred to a person from a member of the family. Today, Genogram is very common in several fields, like psychiatry, medicine, social work, genetic research, and education, among others. The concept of genograms was brought to the public view in 1985 in the book titled “Genograms: Assessment and Intervention” by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson. Further, it is far more detailed than the traditional family trees because it allows the users to visualize and analyze hereditary patterns across family lines and track possible sicknesses and diseases. Explain several physical, emotional, medical, and physiological attributes across such families. It is a special kind of family-based research displaced in clear and easy analysis diagrams. It is a pictorial representation of a person’s family relationships and medical history designed to keep track of certain family-related traits and attributes. Are you looking for some samples of Genogram Diagrams to understand and design your own? Here are 10 Free Genogram Diagram Templates (MS Word) to help you out quickly.Ī Genogram Diagram is also known as the Family Diagram.
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![]() ![]() Its telescoping bar extends for a nearly 9-foot working height and it has an 8-inch cutting bar enabling users to cut through out-of-reach branches up to about 6 inches in diameter. The pole saw is great for reaching those high-up branches thanks to the tool’s generous pole length. The cordless pole saw comes with a battery and a charger, and it can be started instantly with the simple push-button control instead of having to deal with the pull cords on gas pole saws. It’s lightweight at just 9.3 pounds and particularly easy to handle, thanks to the inclusion of reduced vibration technology. With 40 volts of power, the Greenworks cordless pole saw offers top-notch cutting ability in a convenient battery-operated saw. Use our reviews to help choose the best pole saw to maintain the trees, hedges, and other foliage in your yard. Each pole saw was selected based on its reputation for quality in a range of areas, such as cutting- bar length, working height, runtime, weight, and overall capability. We tested the following products extensively based on the available types of pole saws available. Therefore, we based our top picks on a combination of functionality, durability, and price point. We assumed that most readers would not require an expensive pro-quality tool for daily use but would still be interested in high-quality equipment capable of occasional long work days. We based our considerations and comments on the tools’ physical measurements, as well as the ways they performed and felt. We did our best to push each tool to its operable limits in terms of working height, difficulty of reach or angle, and branch diameter. The area included a mix of green hardwoods and evergreens, as well as hardened dead branches. We used the pole saws in this guide to trim up encroaching branches from a backyard’s natural area. Photo: Mark Wolfe How We Chose the Best Pole Saws BEST GAS COMBO: Proyama Powerful 5-in-1 Multi Functional Pole Saw. ![]() BEST HEAVY-DUTY: Maxtra Gas Pole Saw 2-Cycle Tree Trimmer.BEST LIGHT-DUTY: Worx 20V Power Share 8-Inch Pole Saw.BEST CORDED ELECTRIC: Sun Joe 8-Inch 6.5-Amp Telescoping Electric.BEST BATTERY: Ego Power+ 10-Inch 56-Volt Multi Head Pole Saw.BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Worx 8-Amp 10-Inch Corded Pole Saw & Chainsaw.BEST OVERALL: Greenworks 40V Cordless Pole Saw.Keep reading to see our results and to learn about the main considerations when selecting a trimming tool for your landscaping needs. To find out which pole saws perform the best, we field-tested some of the best options on the market. ![]() However, if you need to cut tree branches between 2 and 8 inches in diameter, a pole saw could be just the ticket. If you only need to prune thin twigs, vines, or foliage, you may not need one. While it’s basically a chainsaw attached to a long pole, a pole saw holds the blade securely, letting you reach up to cut branches while remaining safely on the ground.Īlthough pole saws can make pruning a whole lot easier, they’re not right for every situation. One of the best ways to tackle this sort of project is with a pole saw. In order to stay healthy and look their best, trees need occasional pruning to remove broken branches and to thin out dense limbs.
![]() Unique core handle and square design: deliver better controlĬolour-coded increments: easy weight identificationĬost and space saving: replaces the need for 16 pairs of traditional fixed-weight dumbbells ![]() Patented selector pin system: quick and easy weight changes With a larger tray size than the Sport 2.4 or 5.0 stand it can easily accommodate the largest size of the Sport 9.0 at Stage III.Ĭomponent dumbbell system: incremental weight changes ideal for when strength training requires changeĭifferent inner core handles to the 2.4 and 5.0 models: With two 1kg "adder weights" that slot inside the handle for micro-incremental training This version of the Column Stand has a central storage area for the 1kg adder weights. Whether you purchase the Sport 9.0 in its Stage I, II or III options, the Column Stand shown here to store them at the correct height for a safe and effective workout. The weight increments feature handy colour-coding for easy identification. ![]() The patented selector pin system allows for fast and simple changes to the increments while the unique core handle and square design give you better control. This provides you with these further weight increments: 25, 26, 27, 29.5, 30.5, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38.5, 40 and 41kg.Ī fantastic addition to your workout space (home or light commercial), this product is an amazing space saver, providing a vast range of weights without filling the floor or a massive, clunky dumbbell rack. These are: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22 and 22.5kg per hand.Īn add on to the PowerBlock Sport 9.0 Set (PBS90A), the PowerBlock Sport 9.0 Stage 2 Kit transforms your Sport 9.0 Set, delivering 12 more pairs of dumbbells to the original 16. The weight range is 1kg-22.5kg, with individual increments per hand. The weight increments also feature handy colour-coding for easy identification.Īt its Stage I point, the Sport 9.0 set is equal to and replaces the need for 16 pairs of traditional fixed-weight dumbbells. The patented selector pin system allows for fast and easy weight changes while the unique core handle and square design give you better control. A fantastic space saver, it provides you with a wide selection of weight options without cluttering your workout space. With a different inner core handle to the 2.4 and 5.0 models, the Sport 9.0 Set has two 1kg "adder weights" that slot inside the handle for micro-incremental training, fine-tuning workouts for maximum versatility. We can give a solid review on every product, as well help you to get the best results from them.The Sport 9.0 is a component dumbbell system, allowing you to increase the weight when your strength training requires change, whether that be due to increase in strength or training of different muscle groups. We have a great team and have tested all Beachbody programs. Team Wolf Pack is made up of real people with real results. We achieve greater results as part of a committed team. You will also find a large group of like-minded people, who support and motivate each other. Here, we will answer any questions you may have about Beachbody programs, working out, nutrition and the fitness industry in general. ![]() Please feel free to join our Facebook support group: Team Wolf Pack () Our aim is to help others to achieve their goals, whether they be to lose weight, gain muscle, improve fitness or simply maintain optimum health. We are knowledgeable in nutrition, working out and in how to motivate. Team Wolf Pack are three friends, brought together through a passion for improving their own health and fitness, and motivating others to do the same. ![]() We do not rely on machine translations but instead help you translate documents with the help of native speakers. The crew is online throughout the day to help you fetch the solutions you are looking for! Furthermore, you can check out samples on our website to learn how we work. We offer highly accurate competent translation of your materials with a quick turnaround. Whether youre translating from English to Thai or from Thai to English, your results will be reliable and precise. Enjoy our error-free Thai translation service at a minimal cost only with Acadestudio. Some Thai phrases are put in which indicates that. Only a person can understand the real meaning behind your documents or messages that need to be passed on. City names and Thai surnames follow the English spelling used in English-language publications. Thai-English English-Thai Dictionary : With Transliteration for N Accurate description. A manual interpreter or a translator can only overcome the shortcomings. But how accurate is that? In most cases, an online tool is neither accurate nor efficient. A top-tier English to Thai translator from QuillBot. This repository includes code to reproduce our experiments on Thai-English NMT models and scripts to download the datasets ( scb-mt-en-th-2020, mt-opus and scb-mt-en-th-2020+mt-opus) along with the train/validation/test split that we used in the experiments. ![]() ![]() The online Thai translation tool will take merely a few seconds to translate your requirements. thai2nmt: English-Thai Machine Translation Models. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. But the language barriers that arise when working with foreign-language text have long hampered the ability of humans to work with translated documents.Ī recent advance in machine translation has opened up exciting new possibilities for human translation in many fields, including medicine and financial services. I want to learn Lao, but this aspiration runs counter to the wishes of the Lao women I know.Translating text is integral to many professions and trades, from lawyers and doctors to engineers and accountants. This reflects badly on the woman more than on me since it does not really bother me, but it does bother the lady. The central Thai listener will think that a bar girl has taught me Thai, and that the lady I am with must be a bar girl, and certainly a lower class woman. I have been warned never to speak Lao or northern Thai in front of central Thais. And they look down on the Lao and will probably consider those of us attached to Lao-speakers as having made a huge mistake since the Lao are considered to be of a lower status than the Bangkok Thais. Most Lao will say Klungthep instead of Krungthep for Bangkok. Sino-Thais and and Bangkok Thais will immediately be able to spot a Lao once they open their mouths. Lao proably has more in common with Lanna (kham muang, the language of Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Nan, Phayao, Phrae Chiang Rai and Chiang Saen), than it does with central Thai. The Royal Thai General System of Transcription ( RTGS) is the official 1 2 system for rendering Thai words in the Latin alphabet. So there is Udon Lao and Ban Chiang Lao, very similar, but not quite the same. The algorithm enables retrieval of documents containing either the Eng- lish keywords or the corresponding English-to-Thai transliterated words. Issan is a new word that came into more common use in the 1950s, but most of the people living in northeast Thailand are Lao.īut the Lao dialect is different from place to place. The people are citizens of Thailand, but they are, for the most part, Lao. Accurate translations for words, phrases, and texts online. There are a number of Lao phrases in the Udon Map magazine that comes out every month. English-to-Thai translation is made accessible with. Upgrade using modern device management (MDM) For more information, see Upgrade Windows devices to a new edition with Configuration Manager. Edition upgradeĮdition upgrade is also possible using edition upgrade policy in Microsoft Configuration Manager. The following table shows the methods and paths available to change the edition of Windows that is running on your computer. Downgrading the edition of Windows is discussed in the License expiration section in this article. For information on what edition of Windows is right for you, see the following articles:įor a comprehensive list of all possible upgrade paths to Windows, see Windows upgrade paths. It will likely give you an error with a reason why it wasn’t able to activate using the provided key like this for example:Īn issue like the one above will need to be rectified by either using a different MAK key that has activations left, or a call into Microsoft.With Windows, you can quickly upgrade from one edition of Windows to another, provided the upgrade path is supported. If it does not, run this from an elevated command prompt: ![]() Doing these in combination should show an activated server from Server Manager on next boot. Microsoft recommends restarting your server following using this command. From an elevated command prompt, enter (where the asterisks are your actual license key): When a new installation of Windows Server 2019 that is not accepting the key from the GUI, the /ipk parameter is what we would use. This could be useful if you have already entered the new key but was not online with either the KMS server for the network or unable to reach Microsoft’s activation servers.)
In Loving Memory t-shirts are often given to the family members at a funeral ceremony, but they can also be worn by friends and family of the deceased to honor and remember them. They rose to more boundless unmistakable quality in the nineties on the West Coast. For a long time, these have dominatingly proven to be a piece of metropolitan culture and southern Black culture. In Loving Memory Shirts hold a novel spot in American culture. It could moreover feature a memorial statement or saying. They frequently highlight a picture of the deceased, along with the dates they were alive. In Loving Memory t-shirts honor a companion or relative who has passed on. One such artistic fragment is the In Loving Memory T-shirt. Amid grief, it can be hard to make decisions about what to do with the deceased’s belongings-how to handle their possessions, how to honor them appropriately. Race, Religion, LGBTQ, Meta, Politics, Parenting/Family issues.The demise of a friend or family member is invariably a challenging time. Please do not post from (or mention) any of our mega-thread or banned topics such as: ![]() We want unpopular, thought provoking, and unique opinions on your chosen topic. This is not the subreddit to be sharing personal anecdotes, likes or dislikes. Please refrain from posting anything that resembles an r/self-style post. Feel free to use the Politics Megathread pinned to the front page. It's very unlikely your political post is an unpopular opinion. Our users have voted for no political posts in this sub, and this rule will not be changed until the majority votes otherwise. These posts are usually, but not exclusively, those that target a particular sex, race, sexual orientation, etc, when the user in question is hostile, vulgar or aggressive towards said group. Some opinions are so inappropriate/offensive that they'll be removed as hate posts. No racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia, or general bigotry. This applies for both your behaviour on the sub, and the opinions which you post. We ask that if a post fails to post do not just spam repost it message mod mail. If you have a meta opinion, put it in the megathread. No, this isn't censoring criticism, they're just overposted. POSTS DIRECTLY ABOUT THIS SUBREDDIT ARE NOT ALLOWED. You can find a list of the topics and their respective megathreads in a post on the top of the sub. Posts relating to highly popular topics aren't allowed outside of the relevant megathreads. Opinions that are constantly posted here are not allowed. Rule 3: Do not post opinions that are heavily posted/have been on the front page recently. Please try and elaborate on your opinion and justify your position.Īny opinion that is not well thought out, incoherent, internally contradictory or otherwise nonsensical is subject to removal. If your post is just one sentence it will be removed. ![]() We get it, you all think this sub is garbage and is just for popular opinions, and you want to be funny and post "going to be downvoted to oblivion here, but I think racism is bad." We enjoy the memes, but please keep them off the sub. Rule 2: Do not post low effort/satirical/troll posts. Be specific as to where you believe your opinion is unpopular. ![]() Please have a clear, self contained opinion as your post title, and use the text field to elaborate and expand on why you think/feel this way. A subjective statement about your position on some topic. Rule 1: Your post must be an unpopular opinion.
We will choose the version VSFilterMod 1.0.0 Let's place the filter "Vsfiltermod" in "C: \ Program Files (x86) \ Aegisub \ csri". Now let's add the filter "Vsfiltermod" in Aegisub. You can also change the "Subtitle provider", if you think the problem is with the filter. Tutorial by Spyne21 Now let's take a look at the part " Video " : Tutorial by Spyne21 Same remark for the part " Video ", if you have a problem with the image while loading a video track, try changing the setting "Video provider" of "FFmpegSource" at "Avisynth". You should have two choices: Warning : It is best, after working on the problematic audio track, to return the parameter to its original state. In part "Audio", if you have a sound problem loading an audio track, try changing the setting "Audio Provider" of "FFmpegSourc at "Avisynth". In any case, what we are going to do represents no danger for the stability of the application. As you can see, when we click on "Advanced", A warning appears: If you change something and after you notice more bugs or crashes, go back to Aegisub settings, and click on "Reset". The Aegisub parameters - Part 2: Here we will discuss the advanced options of Aegisub. This is why it is advisable when you encounter this problem to use the filter "Xy-vsfilter" for more stability and a better chance of success. It is advisable to use an earlier version: VSFilterMod 1.0.0 VSFilterMod 1.0.10 Tutorial by Spyne21 Note regarding "xy-vsfilter": When you create an effect that includes a lot of \ clip, "Vsfilter" will tend to be unstable and crash when encoding. The latest version of the filter presents a problem when using one or more tags. In addition, even if you find how to display your subtitles with the filter "Vsfiltermod" on a media player, it will not be possible to certify that the people with whom you share the video do the same on their side. Indeed it is not possible to view the effects contained in the ASS script, since all the multimedia players display the subtitles with the filter "Vsfilter" or "Libass" by default. Note regarding “vsfiltermod”: It is strictly forbidden to use "Vsfiltermod" when you work in " softsub "( subtitles not embedded in the video). It contains bug fixes and many other improvements. xy-vsfilter Filter present during the installation of Aegisub. However it is not necessary to use it all the time. It includes the addition of new tags, in order to facilitate the work of the karamaker. ![]() vsfiltermod Filter mainly intended for the use of karaoke effects. It contains bug fixes and various improvements. libass Filter present during the installation of Aegisub. It is present in all basic media players. It is not him, but the selected filter !!! The best known filters at the time this tutorial is written, this number four: Filtered Specifications vsfilter Basic filter in Aegisub. All filters have differences !!! So it is an abuse of language to say that Aegisub displays the subtitles. It offers a library of commands, allowing you to work on rendering the text at the style level or on the possibility of adding effects to it. Select all lines which begin while another line is still active.Karaoke tutorial Part 3: Filters and tags Subtitle filters: A subtitle filter also called "Caption provider" is a file with extension ".Ddl" for Windows. Remove all ASS override blocks and the tags within from the selected lines. Lightly blurring theĮdges of all dialogue lines can noticeably improve compressibility whenĬodecs such as XviD), but edgeblur cannot be set in the style due to format Add Edgeblur #Īdd \be1 to all selected lines. Override tags inside the syllables they affect. The cleaned up version is generally what you’d want since it places the Now karaskel creates these syllable structures: Of the selected lines and adds \k tags at the start of them except the Start-time of the selected line that comes before it. ![]() Sensibly if the start-time of each selected line is larger than the This macro requires at least two lines to be selected and it only works ![]() The karaoke is timed but before applying effects, such as karaoke templates. This macro is designed to help creating karaoke effects, most importantlyĬreating transitions and lead-ins for lines. This is what it looks before and after running the macro:Īutomatically join several karaoke-timed lines up timing-wise and add Now after running this macro on the line: text Latin alphabet but also Japanese kana and kanji, hanzi, hanja and various That has “fullwidth” characters rotated 90 degrees from the baseline.įullwidth characters include not just these fullwidth variations of the Notice that it uses an a variation that exists of every CJK font ![]() ![]() ![]() Once you distinguish which voice you should implement, it is helpful to have rules of thumb for each one. Switching from Passive to Active Swap Passive Voice for Active VoiceĪs mentioned above, swapping from active voice to passive voice (or vice versa) depends on the scenario of your scene, story, essay, etc. You prefer a longer lasting visual of an action: The sun is rising over Tatooine.Īctive voice can give your writing an adrenaline-pinching twist, but passive voice can create suspense, mystery, and even help you cultivate a specific progression of time.Someone does not want to take responsibility for the action: “ The Bellagio was robbed” versus “ We robbed the Bellagio.”.You do not want the reader to know who is performing the action: The Joker is being hunted.Passive voice can be an asset in a number of scenarios: In some cases, passive voice can, much like active voice, add to the quality of your writing when used properly. In the case of passive voice, the object of the sentence is prioritized over the subject. While active voice can be considered “stronger” than passive voice, passive voice has its place in writing, too. With passive voice biometrics, authentication happens when a user speaks as usual or has a natural conversation with an agent. In active voice biometrics, a user must say a certain passphrase each time they want to get authenticated, which is not required by passive voice biometrics. Using active voice can make your story more engaging and your characters more proactive, and as such, many writers prefer to use active voice. The second difference is related to the first one. Past and present tense: “ Batman hunted the Joker.” versus “ Batman hunts the Joker.”.Scene descriptions: The sun rises over Tatooine.When you want your character to deliberately engage in an action: Remy controls Linguini.Not only does active voice give a complete depiction of unfolding events, but it can actually give your writing the feeling of vivacity and energy rather than docility and submissiveness.Īctive voice can be used in multiple scenarios. Rose tree in our garden was planted by grandpa. Notice how the subject, object, tense, pronoun and verb of the tense change. When the priority of the sentence is to explain action in the most detailed way, we can include the subject who completes the action, the verb which denotes the action, and the object which is receiving the action. Below 10 easy examples of voice change from active to passive are given. Most sentence structures are built around the subject in the sense that the subject is the most important part of the action. In different areas of the Manta’s habitat, mating occurs at various times of the year. The area with the biggest population is said to be Ecuador, where they may be found in areas like the Galapagos Marine Reserve and Machalilla National Park. They are divided into numerous modest communities. They can be found in every ocean on the globe. Manta Rays frequently frequent the same sites on an individual basis. Manta Ray as seen from below, note the dark spots on its bottom At cleaning stations, Manta Rays remain motionless for a few moments while cleaner fish extract pests and necrotic skin. Manta Rays frequently visit cleaning stations, places on coral reefs where other marine life congregates to be groomed by smaller organisms. The only time giant Manta Rays are found together is when they are feeding. Manta Rays employ a variety of strategies for feeding more effectively, including “piggie backs” and “chain feeding.” For optimal filter feeding, Manta Rays, in particular, may congregate together in groups of 100 to 150, creating a swirl like a cyclone. The tissue between the gill arches collects tiny particles during filter feeding. Mantas that are actively foraging flatten their cephalic fins to direct prey into their jaws. Mantas eat tiny to medium-sized fish at greater depths. They ingest a lot of zooplankton at the surface, including shrimp, krill, and crabs. Manta rays are both macro predators and filter feeders. Manta Rays can look intimidating due to their size however, they are not ferocious. The huge Oceanic Manta Ray may weigh thousands of pounds and have a wingspan that can reach a length of 15 ft. On their bellies, they feature characteristic spot markings. ![]() While some are virtually all black, others feature chevron coloration, with black back sides and white abdomen. Its head has two cephalic lobes that protrude from the front, earning it the nickname “demon fish.” Manta Rays come in two colors kinds. Manta Rays have broad, flattened, diamond-shaped bodies and triangle pectoral fins on each side of their bodies, which, as they move, look similar to wings. Mantas get their name from a hybrid of Portuguese and Spanish words that translate to “blanket”, referencing the wide flat appearance. The most notable is the Giant Oceanic Manta Ray for its worldwide range and size, while the Reef Manta Ray is smaller and can be found in the Indo-Pacific. However, researchers found two separate species: Manta Alfredi known as the Reef Manta Ray, and Manta Birostris known as Giant Oceanic Manta Ray. ![]() ![]() For many years, researchers believed there was just one type of manta ray. Manta is the scientific designation for Manta Rays. These coefficients can be found in Chapter 10 of Quantitative Ammunition Selection. With the US Army’s BRL P model’s coefficients, ‘a’ and ‘b’ being dependent upon the tactical situation with respect to an “assault” of “defense” combatant response mode being modeled. The US Army BRL P model takes the form of, ![]() In 1961, the US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Grounds (BRL) produced a mathematically predictive personnel incapacitation model, correlated against Wound Data Munitions Effectiveness Team (WDMET) wound data collected during the Vietnam War, which relies upon the incremental kinetic energy expenditure of a projectile over a penetration depth of 1 to 15 centimeters, or ΔE15, to predict the probability of incapacitation for a random munition strike to the COM (center of mass) of a combatant or an assailant. It means that we must look to the US Army BRL P model for perspective. ΔE15 = Amount of kinetic energy, in fpe, expended by the bullet from a penetration depth of 1 – 15 centimeters So, what does all this mean? P = probability of incapacitation per hit: Assault, within 30-seconds (US Army BRL P model) Wound Mass = total weight of tissue damaged/destroyed within the entire wound channel Predictive Terminal Performance Analysis:Ĭumulative Probability of Incapacitation, P, for consecutive strikes to a combatant’s torso/abdomen within a 30-second time frame:ĭoP = maximum equivalent depth of penetration in calibrated ordnance gelatin (or soft tissue) ![]() Input data for the 9mm NATO 124-grain FMJRN (M882): STANAG 4090 also specifies acceptable limits of muzzle energy for the 9mm NATO cartridge with a minimum of 400 foot-pounds (542 joules) and a maximum 600 foot-pounds (814 joules) of kinetic energy with cartridges required to have an average operating chamber pressure of 37,000 psi never to exceed 42,700 psi. Currently, under STANAG 4090, the 9mm Parabellum is a standard cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries with acceptable projectile weights ranging from 108 to 128 grains, inclusive. 45ACP have been around for well over a century now the 9mm Parabellum (NATO) coming into existence in 1902 and, shortly thereafter, the. 45ACP 230-grain FMJRN 885 ± 25 fps and 2.) the 9mm NATO 124-grain FMJRN 1,251 ± 25 fps both of which satisfy Declaration III of the Hague Convention of 1899 which restricts service ammunition to non-expanding designs (that is, full metal jacket) for lawful use by its signatories in military theatres of operation. The two cartridges being evaluated in this first article are 1.) the. What better choice than to compare those designs that have been used by our military and through their respective histories gained their respective reputations? 45ACP using JHPs, again eliminating as many variables as possible to level the comparison of the two. 45ACP in terms of similar projectile design (both in their full metal jacket round nose configuration) and utility.Ī second article will address the comparison of the 9mm and the. That is to say, this article will provide a comparison of the 9mm and the. Such debate also occurs in local gun shops across the nation, albeit within much more civil environs.Īn “apples-to-apples” comparison can be made however, and that is the point of this article and a later, follow-up article to this: to compare the 9mm and the. Internet forums see the debate of these calibers-among others-as “caliber wars” where the merits of these cartridges, both ‘real’ and ‘imagined’, is debated often until the point of discussions being shut down by forum moderators. Even clearly factual material is hotly debated. ![]() the 9mm: Which one is best?”Įnough paper to consume our planet’s remaining forests has likely been expended on the topic and it is probable that there will never be a consensus on the topic. ![]() One of the perpetual debates regarding caliber selection and superiority is “. |
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